• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and a device for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) of a rechargeable battery (1) based on the following calibration data (K): measuring frequencies (f1 ... f3), calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) a charge value, a number of charge states and a calibration table (Tk), with impedances for measurement frequencies and charge states. According to the invention, it is provided that the state of charge (SOC) of the rechargeable battery (1) is determined and for each of the measurement frequencies (f1... F3), the impedance (Z) of the rechargeable battery (1) being the quotient between the rechargeable battery (1). occurring alternating voltage (U ~) and the accumulator (1) flowing through current (l ~) is determined, wherein for each measurement frequency (f) in each case an impedance (Z) in a measurement table (Tm) is stored. The values of the measurement table (Tm) are compared with the values of each of the calibration tables (Tk) stored in the calibration data sets (K1 ... K4). The charge value (Cmax, 1 .... Cmax, n) stored in a calibration data set (T) is selected for which or for which the respective match value (M) for the match is greatest.
    公开号:AT510877A1
    申请号:T2163/2010
    申请日:2010-12-30
    公开日:2012-07-15
    发明作者:
    申请人:Oesterreichisches Forschungs Und Pruefzentrum Arsenal Ges M B H；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    15843/6 / BS
    The invention relates to a method for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity according to the preamble of patent claim 1. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity according to the preamble of patent claim 10.
    The currently available maximum charge capacity is understood to be that charge quantity with which a rechargeable battery can be charged at a certain time during its aging process or the charge amount that can be maximally removed from the rechargeable battery after complete charging. The currently available maximum charge capacity is an indicator of the aging of the respective accumulator. As aging increases, the currently available maximum charge capacity of the accumulator decreases.
    An accumulator is understood to mean both a single accumulator cell, such as a lithium-polymer battery, but also a network with a multiplicity of accumulator cells. In particular, series circuits and parallel circuits of battery cells are to be understood as an accumulator.
    Inventive methods and devices are used in particular in the field of automated determination of the aging state of accumulators, such as in the automotive sector in electric vehicles.
    The object of the invention is to provide a method and a device which enables a simple and cost-effective as well as reliable determination of the currently available maximum charging capacity. The invention solves this problem in a method of the type mentioned above with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. Further, the invention solves this problem in a device of the type mentioned above with the features of the characterizing part of claim 10th
    According to the invention, in a method for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity of an accumulator of a predetermined type of construction, based on the following calibration data, which have been recorded by measuring a reference accumulator of the same type; a) a predetermined number of measurement frequencies and b) a number of calibration data sets comprising - a charge value corresponding to an available maximum charge capacity of the reference accumulator, - a number of charge states described by the reference battery removable in the respective charge state charge and - a calibration table, provided for each of the measurement frequencies and each of the charge states and for the currently available maximum charge capacity each having an impedance Z, provided that a) the state of charge of the accumulator is determined and for each of the measurement frequencies - a voltage is applied to the accumulator, which is a DC component or a direct current is impressed on the accumulator, - wherein the accumulator an alternating current impressed with the respective measuring frequency or an alternating voltage is impressed with the respective measuring frequency, - wherein the impedance of the accumulator as a quotient between the on the accumulator is impressed or the AC voltage occurring at the accumulator and the current flowing through the accumulator or to which the accumulator is impressed, and - an impedance being stored in a measurement table for each measurement frequency, b) the values of the measurement table with the values of each of the values in calibration values stored in the calibration data sets are determined, a match value being determined for the respective values of the measurement table and the respective calibration table, c) the charge value stored in a calibration data set or the charge values stored in individual calibration data records are selected for or for the and (d) the currently available maximum charge capacity of the accumulator as the charge value stored in a calibration record or by Interpolation or averaging of the selected charge values is determined.
    It is advantageous that measured values can be recorded by a single calibration on a reference accumulator of the same construction type, which values can be used for all accumulators of the same construction type. By means of the method according to the invention, a multiplicity of different construction types of accumulators can be easily checked and the aging state of the respective accumulators checked. The measurement results can be determined in a very short time and have a high accuracy.
    Furthermore, it can be provided that the calibration data sets are recorded by a) the total currently available in the reference accumulator maximum charging capacity is measured and stored as a charge value in the respective calibration record at different aging states of the reference accumulator b) the reference accumulator in the respective aging state by charging and / or Discharging is brought into different states of charge, c) in each state of charge for a number of predetermined frequencies - a voltage is applied to the Referenzakkumulator, wherein the voltage comprises a DC component and an AC component or a current is impressed on the Referenzakkumulator, - the alternating component of the voltage applied to the reference accumulator is set or measured at the respective predetermined frequency, - the alternating component of the current flowing through the reference accumulator is set at the respective predetermined frequency or - an impedance is determined as the quotient between the alternating component of the voltage present at the reference accumulator and the alternating component of the current flowing through the reference accumulator, d) wherein for each determined combination of a state of charge, a currently available maximum charging capacity and a predetermined frequency one Impedance is stored in one of the calibration tables and e) the calibration table is stored in one of the calibration data sets together with the currently in the Referenzakkumulator maximum available charge capacity. This makes possible an advantageous calibration and determination of the calibration data used in the method according to the invention on the basis of a reference accumulator.
    It can also be provided that the charge value for the total available maximum charge capacity is measured between the recordings of the individual calibration data sets by the reference accumulator is fully charged and then completely emptied, during the emptying process, the current profile of the drainage current is measured over time and this Integrated current over time and the current integral over the time of the total available maximum charge capacity is equated. This allows a more accurate determination of the maximum available charge capacity during calibration.
    A further preferred aspect of the invention provides that a number of different, preferably from 3 to 10, charging states are used for each of the calibration data records, which is between an upper and a lower charge limit, in particular between 10% and 90% of the currently available total charge , lie. This allows a simple determination of the calibration records and a simple implementation of the calibration.
    It can also be provided that the predetermined frequencies are selected in the range between 5mHz and 5kHz. With measured values of the specified frequencies, the aging state and the currently available maximum charge capacity can be advantageously determined.
    Furthermore, it may be provided that the peak value of the alternating component of the voltage impressed on the accumulator or the reference accumulator and / or the peak value of the alternating current impressed on the accumulator is determined such that the peak value of the alternating current flowing through the accumulator or the reference accumulator is in the range of 0, 02 to 0.1 of the nominal capacity of the accumulator or of the reference accumulator per hour and / or that the peak value of the interchangeable part is determined according to l = CN / T, where CN corresponds to the new capacity of the accumulator and T is a period between 1h and 100h, in particular with a Value of 20h, is. By this measure, influencing the impedance measurement is prevented by the discharge of the accumulator or the Referenzakkumulators.
    To improve the measurement accuracy and to accelerate the measurement of the aging state, it can be provided that the measurement frequencies are determined by a) determining the dependence of the determined impedance on the state of aging as well as the total available maximum charge capacity corresponding to the state of aging for each state of charge and frequency and b) those of the predetermined frequencies are used as measuring frequencies at which a strong dependence and / or a definite assignability between the determined impedance of the reference accumulator and the aging state is possible.
    In order to obtain a more accurate determination of the state of aging, it may further be provided that a) the dependence of the determined impedance on the state of aging as well as the total available maximum charge capacity corresponding to the aging state is determined separately for each charge state and each frequency by a linear or quadratic interpolation of the impedance values as a function of the total available maximum charge capacitance is determined, and b) those frequencies are used as measurement frequencies in which there is a particularly high linear or quadratic dependence of the determined impedance on the aging state and of the total available maximum charge capacity and / or that a number of measurement frequencies between two and five, in particular three, is determined.
    Alternatively or additionally, for a more precise determination of the aging state, it may be provided that the DC component of the voltage corresponds to the no-load voltage of the accumulator for the respective aging state and the respective state of charge.
    Furthermore, to advantageously determine the correspondence of the measured values and the caliber data, it may be provided that a number of first interpolating lk (f, SOC) is formed for each of the calibration data sets for determining the matching value between the measuring table and the calibration table, - a second interpolating one IM (f) of the measured data is formed and - each of the first interpolating lk (f, SOC) is compared with the second interpolating IM (f), wherein in the first interpolating as state of charge the current state of charge of the accumulator is used, and - for each the first interpolating lk (f, SOC) is determined, the matching value to the second interpolating, in particular - the match value being formed as an integral over the amount of the difference of the respective first interpolating lk (f, SOC) and the second interpolating IM (f).
    According to the invention, in a device for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity of a given type of accumulator comprising a memory on which the following calibration data originating from a reference accumulator of the same type are stored: a) a number of measurement frequencies, b) a number of calibration data sets each a charge value corresponding to an available charge capacity of a battery of the building type, a number of charge states described by the charge stored in the battery, and a calibration table comprising an impedance for each of the measurement frequencies and each of the charge states.
    According to the invention, it is provided that a) a Gieichspannungsquelle or DC power source for applying a DC voltage or for impressing a direct current to or on the accumulator and an AC voltage source or AC source for delivering an AC voltage or an AC current at a predetermined frequency, b) a current measuring unit for determining the by d) a measuring control unit for controlling the current measuring unit or the voltage measuring unit and the alternating voltage source or the alternating current source, e) an impedance determining unit for Determining the impedance by forming the quotient of the measured with the current measuring unit or with the AC power source impressed AC and the voltage from the source f) a measured value memory for storing the charge quantities determined by the charge level control unit and stored during the measurement in the accumulator and a measurement table comprising data records with respectively - the respectively determined impedance and - the measurement frequency used in the determination of the impedance g) a charge determination unit for comparing a recorded measurement table with the calibration tables stored in the memory and for selecting the calibration data record whose calibration table has the highest agreement with the recorded measurement table, and for determining the charge value stored in one of the calibration data sets or an interpolation value of a plurality of these charge values whose or their associated calibration table has or has the highest agreement with the recorded measurement table.
    With such a device, the aging state of a rechargeable battery of a predetermined type of construction can advantageously be determined. For each type of construction, separate calibration data can be stored separately in the calibration memory.
    A preferred aspect of the invention provides that for a more precise determination of the state of aging, it may be provided that the voltage source
    Associated with voltage regulator, which adjusts the Gieichspannungsanteil the output voltage from the voltage source to the open circuit voltage of the accumulator.
    A further particular embodiment of the invention provides that the measuring control unit comprises a DC voltage regulator which regulates the DC component of the voltage source in such a way that no DC current or a defined, predetermined DC current flows through the accumulator. This eliminates disturbing effects on the measurement.
    Additionally or alternatively, to further clarify the determination of the state of aging or of the currently available maximum charge capacity, it may also be provided that the peak value emitted by the AC voltage source or emitted by the AC source is determined such that the peak value of the alternating current flowing through the accumulator is in the range between 0 , 02 to 0.1 of the nominal capacity of the accumulator per hour and / or - the frit of the interchangeable part is determined according to l = CN / T, where CN corresponds to the new capacity of the accumulator and T a period between 1h and 100h, in particular with a value from 20h, is.
    To enable the calibration of a reference accumulator can be provided that the charge level control unit is designed to set the respective state of charge.
    It may also be advantageously provided that by a unit for determining the maximum available charge capacity, which controls the charge level control unit for charging and / or emptying of the Referenzakkumulators and which is supplied to the determined by the current measuring unit measured value for the direct current, wherein the unit is the current measuring unit determined during full charge and / or discharge flowing amount of charge and outputs as the maximum available charge capacity at its output. This allows a particularly accurate calibration measurement of the currently available maximum amount of charge.
    Furthermore, it can be advantageously provided that this is designed as a modular component with four terminals, two of which connections to or an accumulator or a Referenzakkumulator are connected or connected and the other two terminals are connected to a load or that a load on this is connected, and / or that at least one switch for interrupting at least one of the connections to the terminals for the load is provided.
    Such a device can be advantageously connected to different accumulators, reference accumulators and loads and be permanently installed in vehicles.
    It may alternatively or additionally be provided that a calibration unit is provided which at different times during the lifetime of the reference accumulator a) determines the currently available maximum charge capacity by means of the unit, b) causes the impedance determination unit to receive a test signal, and c) a Calibration data set with the currently available maximum charge capacity, the individual charge values used as well as the recorded calibration table and stores this in the calibration memory.
    By means of such a calibration unit, the individual calibration data can be easily recorded and kept available for further measurements.
    The invention is illustrated by a preferred embodiment without limiting the general inventive concept. 1 shows a circuit diagram of the preferred embodiment. 2 shows the individual components of the measuring control unit for calibration and for further processing of the recorded information and for determining the currently available maximum charging capacity. 3 schematically shows the calibration data memory, FIG. 4 shows the impedance values recorded at different frequencies and aging states. 5 shows the frequency characteristic of the complex impedance value for a plurality of aging states.
    Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the invention with an accumulator 1. Parallel to the accumulator 1, a voltage source 3 is connected, which is designed to deliver a voltage U. The voltage source 3 has both a DC voltage component U = and an AC voltage component U ~. The AC voltage component U ~ has a peak value Ü and a frequency f which can be set by an external measuring control unit 20.
    The circuit shown in Fig. 1 further comprises a current measuring device 5, which measures the current flowing through the accumulator 1 current I. The current measuring device 5 is connected to the measuring control unit 20. The current I flowing through the accumulator 1 is composed of a direct current component I = and an alternating current component I ~. The direct current component l = is either a discharge current that is caused by the discharge of the
    Accumulator 1 is caused on a load 15 or a charging current, which is caused by the charging of the accumulator 1 to the voltage source 3, m of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the output from the voltage source 3 DC voltage component U = is set to the no-load voltage value of the accumulator 1, the voltage source 3 and the accumulator 1 are idle, so that no current flows through the accumulator 1. In order to achieve that the accumulator 1 is idle in a load 15 connected to the accumulator 1, a switch 11 is provided which is connected in series with the load 15 connected to the accumulator 1.
    In the following, an advantageous procedure for determining the impedance Z at a frequency f is shown. The determination of the impedance Z is used both during the calibration process and during the determination of the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax, wherein a reference accumulator 1 'is provided instead of the accumulator 1 during the calibration.
    If an alternating voltage U ~ with the frequency f is applied to the accumulator 1 in addition to the DC voltage U =, this results in an alternating current I ~ with the same frequency f. In addition, due to the non-linearity of the accumulator 1 or the Referenzakkumulators 1 'further alternating current components with higher or lower frequencies, which are not considered in the following, however, for the invention. An impedance determination unit 14 determines an impedance Z from the ratio of the AC voltage component U ~ to the AC component I ~, each with the same frequency f.
    In this preferred exemplary embodiment, the impedance determination unit 14 is supplied with the value of the alternating voltage component U ~ of the voltage delivered by the voltage source 3 and the measured value of the alternating current component 1 ~ determined by the current measuring instrument 5 at the respective predetermined frequency f 1. The impedance determination unit 14 determines the ratio of the two measured values as well as the phase shift and provides at its output a complex impedance value corresponding to the impedance Z.
    Alternatively, the voltage value determined by means of a voltage measuring unit 6 connected in parallel to the reference accumulator 1 'can also be used to determine the impedance Z. The voltage and current values determined by the voltage measurement unit 6 and by the current measurement unit 5 are supplied to the impedance determination unit 14. The voltage measuring unit 6 and the current measuring unit 5 determine only the AC voltage component U ~ of the am
    Referenzakkumulator 1 voltage applied U and the AC component of the current flowing through the accumulator 1 I.
    Alternatively, the accumulator 1 by means of a non-illustrated and connected with one of its terminals to each of the terminals of the accumulator 1 AC power source, an AC I- the frequency f be impressed. The AC power source is driven by the measurement control unit 20. The determination of the impedance Z can take place by means of the voltage measuring unit 6 and / or the current measuring unit 5 as described in the previous paragraph. Moreover, it is further possible to use, instead of the current value determined by the current measuring unit 5, a current value predetermined by the measuring control unit 20 for determining the impedance Z.
    Alternatively, only the real part Re (Z) or the imaginary part lm (Z) of the complex impedance value or its angle arg {Z) can be used for the further calculations for all measures for impedance determination. In the present embodiment, only the amount | Z | of the impedance value used for the further calculations.
    The peak value (J of the alternating component U ~ of the voltage is approximately in the range of 10 to 100 mV.) The peak value I of the alternating component I of the current is approximately in the range from 50 mA to 2000 mA be that the peak value I of the alternating current multiplied by one hour in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 of the nominal capacity CN of the accumulator 1. Here, either the peak value ί of the alternating component I- of the current I can be set directly or the peak value Ü Alternatively, the peak value I of the alternating part I ~ of the current I can be set by I = CN / T, where CN is the capacitance of the alternating component U ~ of the voltage U Accumulator is and T a predetermined period of time, about 1h to 100h, in particular 20h, is.
    With a cell of rated capacity of 5Ah, the peak value I can be determined with l = 5Ah / 20h = 250mA.
    This impedance Z depends on the aging state of the accumulator 1 and on the state of charge of the accumulator 1 and the frequency f used in each case. The aging state of the accumulator 1 can, as already mentioned, be expressed by the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax.
    The embodiment shown in the embodiment comprises the voltage source 3, the ammeter 5, the switch 11 and the measurement control unit 20, wherein the measurement control unit 20 controls the switching position of the switch 11. The illustrated circuit further comprises two terminals A, B for connecting the accumulator 1 and terminals C, D for connecting a load 15. The illustrated embodiment can be used both for calibration and for determining the currently available maximum amount of charge.
    A typical measurement result is shown in Fig. 4, in which only the amounts of the individual detected impedances IZI / C in relation to the currently available maximum charge amount Cmax of the accumulator 1 are shown on the ordinate in this diagram. On the two abscissas of the three-dimensional diagram on the one hand, the aging of the accumulator 1, measured in measuring and Kalibrierzyklen CZ, and on the other hand, the frequency f shown. The aging of the accumulator 1 can be represented not only by the currently available maximum charging capacity but also by the number of charging and discharging cycles or calibration cycles CZ used.
    In the course of the measurement, the impedance Z of the accumulator 1 is determined in each case at a number of measuring frequencies (f1,..., F3), as described above, and the measured values are stored together with the respective measuring frequency in the memory 2.
    In order to achieve a quantification of the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax, a calibration is performed first. In the course of this calibration, calibration data K, which are shown in FIG. 3, are recorded. After the calibration data K has been recorded, a comparison is made during operation between the recorded calibration data K with data recorded directly on the accumulator 1 to be tested. For the calibration, a Referenzakkumulator 1 'of a type of construction is used and connected to the two terminals A, B of the device.
    The measurement control unit 20 further includes a charge level control unit 7, as shown in Fig. 2. The charge level control unit 7 controls the voltage source 3 and sets the Gieichspannungsanteil U = the voltage source 3 fixed. Thus, the reference accumulator 1 'can be brought into different states of charge, in particular fully charged or completely discharged. The charge level control unit 7 is needed only for calibration purposes to charge the reference accumulator 1 'to a desired state of charge while its functionality is not required in determining the currently available maximum charge amount Cmax. During calibration, the charge level control unit 7 is powered by an external power source, not shown.
    With the charge level control unit 7, in the present embodiment of the invention, it is possible to accurately determine the currently available maximum charge amount Cmax as the reference width. For this purpose, the reference accumulator 1 'is first fully charged and then discharged. During the discharging process, the current flowing from the reference accumulator 1 'is measured by means of the current measuring device 5 and integrated over time. As a result of this integration, the currently available maximum amount of charge C'max is easily obtained. Conversely, it is of course also possible to initially completely discharge the reference accumulator 1 'and to integrate the charging current during the charging of the reference accumulator 1' in order to arrive at the currently available maximum charge quantity C'max.
    With the charge level control unit 7, the Referenzakkumulator 1 'also in a
    Number of different states of charge SOC1 ..... SOC4 be brought. For this purpose, the Referenzakkumulator 1 'can be fully charged and then a discharge be made, the discharge is integrated over time and the discharge is terminated after a certain, the respective state of charge corresponding amount of current C'max - SOC1, ..., C 'max - SOC4 has been taken from the Referenzakkumuiator 1'. Conversely, it is also possible to completely discharge the reference accumulator 1 'and then apply it to a charge corresponding to a charge state SOC1, .... SOC4.
    In the present exemplary embodiment, the reference accumulator 1 'is examined during calibration at four different charge states, one of the charge states SOC4 full charge and another charge state SOC1 corresponding to complete discharge of the reference accumulator 1'. The two remaining states of charge SOC2, SOC3 are selected at equal intervals between full charge and full discharge, ie one third of the currently available maximum charge and two thirds of the currently available maximum charge.
    Furthermore, by means of the charge level control unit 7 a frequent loading and unloading of the reference accumulator 1 'and thus a rapid aging of the reference accumulator 1' can be achieved in order to obtain a record of the complete aging process in the shortest possible time. * * * * * * »* * * * * * * * Ft '··« ft * f · »HO *« »« «* I · | l Vi m f i ·
    The calibration takes place on the basis of the measurement of the electrical properties of the reference accumulator 1 ', the reference accumulator 1' being measured at different aging states. Between the individual measurements, a number of charging and discharging processes are performed, which cause aging of the reference accumulator 1 '. In principle, it would also be possible to measure the reference accumulator 1 'during typical operation, for example in an electric automobile, but with the disadvantage that the reference accumulator 1' is usually under no load and aging of the reference accumulator V thus advances only very slowly , The same charging and discharging operations are carried out between the individual calibration measurements.
    Before or after each calibration measurement, the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax is determined by full charge or complete discharge, whereby - as already mentioned - the current integral of the charge or discharge current is determined. The determination of the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax in the present embodiment by the charge level control unit 7 and the current measuring unit 5 and a downstream of the current measuring unit 5 unit 12 in the form of an integrator. The Referenzakkumulator 1 'is fully charged and then discharged. During discharging, the current measuring unit 5 measures the DC component I = of the discharge current I and forwards it to the unit 5, which integrates the DC component I = of the discharge current I over time. For this purpose, the switch 11 will be opened and the reference accumulator 1 'will be discharged via the load 15. Alternatively, the voltage source 3 can be set to a DC value below the open circuit voltage of the reference accumulator V, whereby it is discharged.
    Furthermore, in addition to the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax, the impedance Z of the reference accumulator 1 'is determined during each calibration measurement for the individual charge states SOC1,..., SOC4 and for a number of predetermined frequencies f1' ..... f10 '. To determine the impedances Z, the alternating voltage U ~ impressed by the voltage source 3 as well as that determined by the current measuring device 5 are determined
    AC I- measured at the respective predetermined frequency f1 '..... f10'.
    Measured values for the alternating voltage U ~ and for the alternating current I- are fed to an impedance determination unit 14, shown in FIG. 2, which determines an impedance value Z as a quotient of the measured values. ··· * ··· ·· · t · * · * ···· ·
    In this particular embodiment of the invention, only the amount | Z | the impedance Z used for further processing. Alternatively, however, the real part Re (Z) and imaginary part Im (Z) or the angle arg (Z) of the impedance Z can also be used for the further calculations. The calculated impedance value is stored in a calibration memory 8.
    To simplify and improve the accuracy of determination, the number of frequencies fl ', .... f10 * can be reduced to a number of measurement frequencies f1, ..., f3. By this measure, on the one hand the measurement of a rechargeable battery 1 during operation can be performed faster, on the other hand, it is also possible to select those predetermined frequencies fV ..... f10 ', in which a particularly strong
    Dependence and a particularly good assignability of the impedance Z from or to the currently available maximum charge Cmax is present. For each state of charge SOC1, ..., SOC4 and for each given frequency f1 .... f10 ', the dependence of the impedance on the aging or on the currently available maximum charge Cmax is determined in each case. In the present exemplary embodiment, a quadratic interpolation of the determined values for the impedance Z is determined as a function of the currently available maximum charge Cmax. Those given frequencies f1 '..... f10', for which a particularly high linear or quadratic dependence of
    Impedance Z of the currently available maximum charge Cmax, are selected as measurement frequencies f1 ..... f3, as shown in Fig. 2, selected. The number of measurement frequencies f1 ..... f3 is set to three in the present embodiment. Optionally, after the determination of the measurement frequencies f 1,..., F3
    the impedance values Z determined at the other given frequencies f1 '..... f10' are deleted.
    FIG. 3 shows schematically the calibration data K stored in the calibration memory 8. On the one hand, the calibration data K comprises a number of measurement frequencies f1, .... f3, the determination of which has been described above. Furthermore, the calibration data K comprises a number of calibration data records K1,..., K4, each of which has been determined during a calibration measurement. Each of the calibration data records K1,... K4 comprises in each case the currently available maximum charge Cmax determined before or after the calibration measurement. Furthermore, each of the calibration records K1, ..., K4 comprises a number of charge states SOC1 ..... SOC4, each described by a
    Charge value and a calibration table TK, which for each combination with a
    Charge state SOC1, ..., SOC4 and one of the measurement frequencies f1 ..... f3 one each
    Has impedance value. The calibration data K are present in the calibration memory 8 after the calibration process has been carried out. For the determination of the aging state of a rechargeable battery 1, which is of the same type as the reference accumulator 1 ', the rechargeable battery 1 is connected to the two terminals A, B of the measuring circuit shown in FIG. 1 instead of the reference rechargeable battery 1'.
    In order to determine the state of aging and the associated currently available maximum charge quantity Cmax, the impedance Z of the accumulator 1 is determined by the impedance determination unit 14 at each of the measurement frequencies f1, .... f3, as already described above. The determined impedance values are stored in a measured value memory 2. The instantaneous state of charge SOC of the accumulator 1 is determined, wherein it is not necessary for the state of charge SOC to correspond to a state of charge from the number of states of charge SOC1,..., SOC4. In the measured value memory 2, an impedance Z is present for the determined instantaneous state of charge SOC and each of the measurement frequencies f1,..., F3. A charge level control unit 7 can thus be dispensed with at a time for determining the currently available maximum charge amount Cmax of the accumulator 1, if no calibration is to be made with the same device.
    Alternatively, it can also be provided that a charge level control unit 7 is provided, which completely empties the accumulator 1 gradually, wherein the
    Accumulator 1, all of the charge states SOC1 ..... SOC4 in turn occupies.
    After reaching each of the states of charge, the impedance Z at each of the
    Measuring frequencies f1 ..... f3 determined and stored in the measured value memory 2. in the
    Data memory 2 is thus present for each of the charge states SOC1, ..., SOC4 and for each of the measurement frequencies f1 ..... f3 each an impedance value Z before.
    Subsequently, the values stored in the measured value memory 2 are compared with the calibration tables KT stored in the calibration memory 8. A match value M is determined, which determines the correspondence of the calibration table KT with the data stored in the measured value memory 2. The calibration table KT is determined which has the best match with the measured values or impedance values stored in the measured value memory 2. The charge value assigned to the respective calibration table is considered as currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax.
    Alternatively, several, in particular two, calibration tables KT can be used, which have the best match with the measured values stored in the measured value memory 2. In this case, the currently available maximum charge capacity Cmax may be a weighted average between the respective ones
    Each of the charge values of calibration tables KT with a higher match is weighted more heavily than charge values of calibration tables KT with a smaller match.
    In order to determine the correspondence of the impedance values stored in the measured value memory 2 with the impedance values stored in the calibration memory 8, a match value M is determined by a comparison unit 9, which subsequently also determines the currently available maximum load capacitance Cmax.
    In this particular exemplary embodiment of the invention, in each case an interpolating IK (f, SOC) is determined both for the impedance values stored in the respective calibration table KT and for the impedance values stored in the measured value memory 2. This is determined in the present embodiment by polynomial interpolation with degree 2. The interpolating IK (f, SOC) determined for the calibration table 8 is a function in two variables, where the respective frequency f and the instantaneous state of charge SOC act as variables.
    Are the impedance values stored in the measured value memory 2 for a multiplicity of
    Charges SOC1 ..... SOC4 determined, then the interpolating IM (f, SOC) of the im
    Data storage 2 stored impedance values as a function with two variables just as the interpolating IM (f, SOC) of the impedance values of the calibration table TK determined.
    For example, to determine the match value M between the interpolator! K of the calibration table TK and the interpolating IM of the measured values, the integral over the magnitude of the difference between the two interpolators IM, IK in the range of the measurement frequencies fl, .... f3 and in the range of Charge states SOC1, .... SOC4 be used.
    If the impedance values are determined only for a single, namely the instantaneous, state of charge SOC, then the interpolating value IM (f) of the values stored in the measured value memory 2 is a function after a variable, where only the frequency f acts as a variable.
    To determine the matching value M between the interpolating IK of the calibration table TK1, ..., TK4 and the interpolating IM of the measured values, for example, the integral over the amount of the difference between the two interpolating IM, IK in the range of the measurement frequencies f1 ..... f3 are used, the interpolating of the calibration table is evaluated only in the region of the instantaneous state of charge SOC.
    By way of example and without further limitation of the invention, a possible embodiment of the invention will be described in more detail. As accumulator 1, a new lithium polymer battery is used. As the positive electrode of the battery 1, LiMn204 is used. The rated capacity of the accumulator is 5.2 C at a maximum voltage of 4.2V and a minimum voltage of 2.8V. The impedance at the beginning of the life of the accumulator 1 is less than 6 mOhm. The accumulator 1 has a lifetime of 1500 charges and discharges.
    In a preparatory phase, the accumulator 1 is fully charged and discharged five times before the actual measurement in order to be able to exclude the effects of forming processes as much as possible. Subsequently, the currently available maximum charge quantity Cmax and the impedances for individual charge states SOC at the individual frequencies f 1 '..... f 10 * are determined. Subsequently, the accumulator 1 is subjected to a number of aging cycles, the accumulator 1 is discharged at a constant current to 2.8V and is then charged with constant voltage to 4.2V, the charge is aborted when the charging current is less than 530mA ,
    In the course of the charging or discharging cycles, the accumulator is used in the entire bandwidth of different voltage levels and different aging effects are produced at different voltage levels.
    The impedance measurement at different frequencies is carried out in the range between 5mHz and 5kHz and determined with an alternating current with a peak value of 250mA. The measurements are made at temperatures of 22 ° C.
    FIG. 5 shows the curves V5, V150, V300, V450 of the impedance Z for different frequencies after 5, 150, 300 and 450 cycles, showing only those measurements which have been determined with a charge state SOC of 40%; other states of charge give similar effects. As can be seen from FIG. 5, increased impedance values result in the course of aging of the accumulator, ie. H. with an increasing number of charge / discharge cycles. While the impedance of the accumulator 1 at the beginning after 5 cycles is still at 3.7 mOhm, after 450 cycles an impedance of 4.95 mOhm can be detected.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Claims 1. A method for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) of a given type of accumulator (1) based on the following calibration data (K) obtained by measuring a reference accumulator (V) of the same type: a) a predetermined number of measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3) and b) a number of calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) each comprising - a charge value corresponding to an available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) of the reference accumulator (1 '), - a number Charge states (SOC1 ... SOC4) described by the charge removable from the reference accumulator (1 ') in the respective state of charge (SOC), and - a calibration table (Tk) for each of the measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3) and each of Charging states (SOC1 ... SOC4) and for the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) each having an impedance Z (Cmax, SOC, f), characterized in that a) the state of charge (SOC) of Akkum ulators (1) is determined and for each of the measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3) - a voltage (U) to the accumulator (1) is applied, which comprises a DC component (U =) or the accumulator (1) a DC ( I) is impressed, - wherein the accumulator (1) an alternating current (l ~) impressed with the respective measuring frequency (f) or an alternating voltage (U ~) with the respective measuring frequency (f) impressed, - wherein the impedance (Z) of the accumulator (1) as a quotient between the impressed on the accumulator (1) or the accumulator (1) occurring alternating voltage (U ~) and the accumulator (1) or through the accumulator (1) impressed current (l ~) determined and, wherein for each measurement frequency (f) in each case an impedance (Z) is stored in the measurement table (Tm), b) the values of the measurement table (Tm) with the values of each of the calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) stored calibration tables (Tk) are compared, wherein a match w c) the charge value (Cmax, 1 .... Cmax, n) stored in a calibration data set (Τ '). or those charge values (Cmax, 1 ... Cmax, 4) stored in individual calibration data sets (Tk1 ... Tkn) for which or for which the respective match value (M) for the match is largest, and d) the currently available maximum charge capacity (Crnax) of the accumulator (1) as that in a calibration data set (Tk1 ... Tkn) stored charge value or by interpolation or averaging of the selected charge values (Cmax, 1 .... Cmax, n) is determined.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the calibration data sets (Tk) are recorded by at different aging states of the Referenzakkumulators (1 ') respectively a) the total momentarily in the Referenzakkumulator (1') available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) measured and as B) the reference accumulator (1 ') in the respective aging state by charging and / or discharging in different states of charge (SOC1 ... SOC4) is brought, where c) in each state of charge (SOC1 ... SOC4) for a number of predetermined frequencies (f1 ... f10) - a voltage (U) is applied to the Referenzakkumulator (1 '), wherein the voltage (U) a DC component (U =) and an alternating component (U ~) or a current (I) is impressed on the reference accumulator (1 *), - the alternating component (U ~) of the voltage (U) applied to the reference accumulator (1 ') at the respective predetermined frequency (f 1 ... fl 0) is set or measured, - the alternating component (l ~) of the current flowing through the reference accumulator (1 ') current (I) at the respective predetermined frequency (f 1 ... Γ10) is set or measured, and - an impedance (Z) is determined as the quotient between the alternating component (U ~) of the voltage (U) applied to the reference accumulator (1 ') and the alternating component (l ~) of the current (I) flowing through the reference accumulator (1') , d) wherein for each determined combination of a state of charge (SOC), a currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) and predetermined frequency (Π ... ΪΊ0) in each case an impedance Z (Cmax, SOC, f) in one of the Kalibrierabelien (Tk) stored and e) the calibration table (Tk) is stored in one of the calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) together with the currently in the reference accumulator (T) maximum available charge capacity (Cmax).
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that between the recordings of the individual calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) the charge value for the total available maximum charge capacity (C'max) is measured by the reference battery (V) fully charged and then is completely emptied, wherein during the evacuation process, the current flow of the evacuation stream is measured over time and this course of current integrated over time and the current integral over the time of the total available maximum charge capacity (C'max) equated.
    [4]
    4. The method according to any one of claims 2 or 3, characterized in that for each of the calibration data sets (K1 ... K4) a number of different, preferably from 3 to 10, charge states is used, which is between an upper and a lower charge limit, especially between 10% and 90% of the total currently available charge.
    [5]
    5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the predetermined frequencies (F1 ... f3) are selected in the range between 5mHz and 5kHz.
    [6]
    6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the peak value (Ü) of the alternating component (U ~) of the accumulator (1) or the Referenzakkumulator (1 ') impressed voltage (U) and / or the peak value (ΐ) of the accumulator (1) impressed alternating current (l ~) is set so that the peak value (Ϊ) of the accumulator (1) or the Referenzakkumulator (1 ') flowing alternating current (I) in the range of 0.02 to 0.1 of the nominal capacity (CN) of the accumulator (1) or the reference accumulator (1 ') per hour and / or that the peak value (Ϊ) of the interchangeable part (l ~) is determined according to l = CN / T, where CN is the New capacity of the accumulator (1) corresponds to and T is a period of time between 1h and 100h, in particular with a value of 20h.
    [7]
    7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the measurement frequencies are determined by a) for each charge state and each frequency (f1 Aging condition corresponding, total available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) is determined and b) those of the predetermined frequencies (f1 ... f10) are used as measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3), where a strong dependence and / or a unique assignability between the determined impedance (Z) of the reference accumulator (Γ) and the aging state is possible.
    [8]
    8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a) for each state of charge and each frequency (f1 ... f10) separately the dependence of the determined impedance (Z) on the aging state as well as on the aging state, total available maximum charge capacity (Cmax ) is determined by determining a linear or quadratic interpolation of the impedance values (Z) as a function of the total available maximum charge capacity (Cmax), and b) those frequencies (f 1 ... f 10) as measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3), in which there is a particularly high linear or quadratic dependence of the determined impedance (Z) on the state of aging as well as on the total available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) and / or that a number of measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3) between two and five, in particular three,
    [9]
    9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the DC component (U =) of the voltage (U) of the open circuit voltage of the accumulator (1) for the respective aging state and the respective state of charge (SOC) corresponds.
    [10]
    10. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, to determine the matching value (M) between the measurement table and the calibration table, a number of first interpolating values lk (f, SOC) are formed for each of the calibration data sets (Tk), a second interpolating IM (f) of the measured data is formed and - each of the first interpolating lk (f, SOC) is compared with the second interpolating IM (f), wherein in the first interpolating used as the state of charge of the current state of charge of the accumulator (1) and, for each of the first interpolating lk (f, SOC), the second interpolating matching value (M) is determined, in particular the match value (M) being an integral over the magnitude of the difference of the respective first interpolating lk (f, SOC ) and the second interpolating IM (f).
    [11]
    11. A device for determining the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax) of a rechargeable battery (1) of a predetermined type comprising a memory (2) on the following calibration calibration data, which originate from a Referenzakkumulator (1 ') of the same type of construction, stored are: a) a Number of measurement frequencies (f1 ... f3), b) a number of calibration data sets (K1 ... Kn) each comprising - a charge value (Cmax1 ... Cmaxn) corresponding to an available charge capacity of a building-type accumulator (1), a number of charge states (SOC1... SOC4), described by the charge stored in the accumulator (1), and a calibration table (Tk1, TKn), which is available for each of the measurement frequencies (f1... f3) and each of the charge states ( SOC1 ... SOC4) each comprise an impedance (Z), characterized by a) a DC voltage source (3) or DC power source for applying a DC voltage (U =) or for impressing a DC current (L =) on or on the accumulator (1) as well as egg ne AC source or AC source for supplying an AC voltage (U ~) or an AC current (I ~) at a predetermined frequency (f), b) a current measuring unit (5) for determining the alternating current (I) flowing through the accumulator (1) or a voltage measuring unit (6) for measuring the alternating voltage (U ~) applied to the accumulator (1), c) a charge level control unit (7) for determining the charge quantity (SOC) stored in the accumulator (1), d) a measuring control unit (20) for controlling e) an impedance determination unit (14) for determining the impedance (Z) by forming the quotient of the measured with the current measuring unit (5) or with the current measuring unit (5) or the voltage measuring unit (6) and the AC voltage source (3) or the AC power source the alternating current (I) impressed on the AC power source and the AC voltage component (U ~) emitted by the voltage source (3) or measured by the voltage measuring unit, f) a measurement Value memory (8) for storing the charge level control unit (7) determined during the measurement in the accumulator (1) stored charge quantities (SOC) and a measurement table (Tm) comprising data sets with each - the respective determined impedance (Z) and - at g) a charge determination unit (9) for comparing a recorded measurement table (Tm) with the calibration tables (Tk1 ... Tkn) stored in the memory (2) and for selecting that calibration data record (K1 ... Kn) whose calibration table (Tk1 ... Tkn) has the highest agreement with the recorded measurement table (Tm) and - to determine the charge value stored in one of the calibration data records (K1 ... Kn) or an interpolation value of several this charge range whose or their associated calibration table (Tk) has or have the highest agreement with the recorded measurement table (Tm).
    [12]
    12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that - the voltage source (3) is associated with a voltage regulator, which adjusts the DC voltage component (U =) of the voltage source (3) output voltage (U) to the open circuit voltage of the accumulator (1) and / or - the measuring control unit (20) comprises a DC voltage regulator which regulates the Gleichspannungsanteii (U =) of the voltage source (3) such that no direct current or a defined, pre-predetermined direct current flows through the accumulator (1) and / or from determines the peak value emitted by the AC voltage source or determined by the AC power source such that the peak value (ΐ) of the alternating current flowing through the accumulator (1) is in the range between 0.02 and 0.1 of the rated capacity of the accumulator (1) per hour and / or - The peak value (I) of the change part (I ") is set according to l = CN / T, where CN corresponds to the new capacity of the accumulator (1) and T a period of time between 1h and 100h, especially with a value of 20h.
    [13]
    13. Device according to one of claims 10 or 11, characterized in that the charge level control unit (7) for setting the respective state of charge (SOC) is formed.
    [14]
    14. The apparatus of claim 12, characterized by a unit (12) for determining the maximum available charge capacity (C'max), which controls the charge level control unit (7) for charging and / or emptying of the reference battery (Γ) and that of the current measuring unit (5), the unit (12) determining the amount of charge (I) flowing through the current measuring unit (5) during full charge and / or discharge and the maximum available charge capacity (C'max) at its output emits.
    [15]
    15. Device according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized by a to the voltage source (3) connected in parallel accumulator (1).
    [16]
    16. Device according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that it is designed as a modular component with four terminals (A, B, C, D), of which two terminals (A, B) to the or an accumulator (1 ) or a reference accumulator (T) can be connected or are connected and the other two connections (C, D) can be connected to a load (15) or that a load (15) is connected to them, and / or that at least one switch ( 11) is provided for interrupting at least one of the connections to the terminals (C, D) for the load (15).
    [17]
    17. Device according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that a calibration unit is provided which determines at different times during the lifetime of the reference accumulator (V) a) by means of the unit (12) the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax), b) causing the impedance determination unit (14) to record a measurement table (Tm), and c) a calibration data set (TK1, ..., TK4) with the currently available maximum charge capacity (Cmax), the individual charge values used (SOC1 ... SOC4 ) and the recorded calibration table (Tm) and stores this in the calibration memory (8).
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    法律状态:
    2018-08-15| MM01| Lapse because of not paying annual fees|Effective date: 20171230 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ATA2163/2010A|AT510877B1|2010-12-30|2010-12-30|METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE MAXIMUM LOAD CAPACITY AVAILABLE IN THE MOMENT|ATA2163/2010A| AT510877B1|2010-12-30|2010-12-30|METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE MAXIMUM LOAD CAPACITY AVAILABLE IN THE MOMENT|
    PCT/AT2011/000523| WO2012088555A1|2010-12-30|2011-12-30|Method for determining the maximum charge capacity available at any one time|
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